(Essay: Zhen Liang)
The dynamic behavior of materials is an area of study at the confluence of many scientific disciplines. The processes that occur when bodies are subjected to rapidly changing loads can differ significantly from those that occur under static or quasi-static situations. The techniques for producing shocks waves are as follows: explosive devices, gas guns, electric guns, radiation devices, et al. From the lecture one can draw the following conclusions:
Techniques for producing shock waves are: explosive devices; gas guns; electric guns; radiation devices; techniques for measurement shock parameters. Different kinds of high strain rate deformation are: uniaxial shock loading; spherical action of waves; laser loading; explosion of conductor; magnetic pulse loading.
Microstructural aspects are of utmost importance in the dynamic failure of materials. Dynamic failure was divide into three classes: Dynamic failure by tension; spalling (uniaxial strain state) and uniaxial stress state. Dynamic failure by shear; shear instability is the precursor of this failure mode. Dynamic failure by compression; ceramics, rocks and brittle metals (cast iron, intermetallic compound) are especially prone to failure under compressive loading.
From nartensite transformation in metals induced shock loadingone can draw the following conclusions:
Peculiarities of deformation martensite transformation under shock loading in perlitic or austenitic steels and titanium alloys. Influence of deformation conditions on character and typical features of martensite transformation.
From the shock-induced nanocrystalline formations in metals we can draw the following conclusions:
Shock-induced dynamic recrystallization is shown for different kinds of metals.
An artificial doping of metal with nanocrystalline regions can be considered as a method of hardening.
The following information has been obtained from microstructure investigation of particles-filled polymer composite:
The fracture surface has furrows similar to fatigue fracture. The furrows are perpendicular to the direction of the main crack propagation, Small particles are present at the intersection of crack meso-branches, and fracture surface has specific features of 'mirror, mist, hackle zones'. The specific energy in dynamic process of fracturing is higher than for the quasi-static one.
From the Influence of high-velocity impact on metals lecture we can get the following conclusions:
The peculiarities of strength and microstructural properties in perlitic, austenitic steels, aluminum, copper, lead and titanium alloys were experimentally investigated under shock loading of different systems. The strengthening under spherical action of waves is more essential than under uniaxial shock loading.